The term pancreatitis defines an inflammatory process that is localized in the tissues of the pancreas (pancreas). The acute or chronic course of the disease of varying severity leads to a violation of the functional state of the organ, which affects the process of digestion. Of pancreatitis. Treatment, regardless of the severity of the course, the nature and origin of the pathological process, necessarily involves the use of dietary recommendations. According to the classification of the diet, for pancreatitis marked Table 5p.
main features of the diet
The main goal of the diet in acute or chronic pancreatitis is a significant reduction in the functional load on the pancreas, which contributes to a rapid decrease in the severity of the inflammatory process. The diet has the following distinctive features:
- Carbohydrates (mainly due to sugar and other easily digestible disaccharides) and fat content are reduced in the diet.
- Increasing the amount of protein in the diet.
- A sharp restriction in the intake of extractive organic compounds, purine base, refractory fats, essential oils, cholesterol, coarse fiber, which significantly increases the load on the organs of the digestive system.
- Increase in the content of lipotropic compounds and vitamins.
- Dishes should be steamed or boiled. Cooking is limited. Avoid fried items.
- The number of cold and very hot dishes is limited.
The chemical composition, the daily content of the main organic compounds, as well as the energy value of the diet for pancreatitis include the following indicators:
- Protein - 110-120 grams, of which 60-65% should be of animal origin.
- Carbohydrates - 350-400 grams, of which 30-40 grams of sugar are allowed. It is advisable to take 20-30 grams of xylitol sweetener.
- Fats - 80 grams, of which 15-20% are of vegetable origin.
- Table salt (sodium chloride) - 10 g.
- Free liquid - 1. 5 liters.
- Energy value - 2600-2700 kcal.
Recommended food intake is 5-6 times a day, while single portions should be small. This makes it possible to reduce the load on the entire digestive system in general and the pancreas in particular.
mechanism of action
The pancreas is a functionally important organ of the digestive system. It produces several digestive enzymes (protease, lipase, amylase) that are responsible for the breakdown of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates in the lumen of the small intestine. With the development of an inflammatory reaction involvingMay provoke tissue death provoked by the release of enzymes (pancrenarcosis). To prevent inflammatory complications, it is important to reduce the load on the pancreas, for which the 5p diet was developed.
The essence of the dietary recommendations is to significantly reduce the amount of carbohydrates and fats that come with food. This causes a decrease in the functional activity of the pancreas at the regulatory level, the production of digestive enzymes and a decrease in the likelihood of developing pancreatic necrosis. Fractional frequent feeding in small portions makes it possible to reduce the load on all organs of the digestive system, which helps to quickly reduce the severity of the inflammatory process in the pancreas. By increasing the amount of lipotropic compounds and vitamins, liver tissueAnd it is possible to improve the course of metabolic processes in other parenchymal organs of the digestive system.
Signal
The implementation of dietary recommendations is indicated in the development of chronic pancreatitis (improvement of the functional state) or in the development of an acute course of the inflammatory process during the period of convalescence (recovery). In addition, the use of diet for the pancreas, gallbladder. , can be used for combined inflammation of the liver.
Difference
With a pronounced acute course of the inflammatory process, it is not recommended to use the diet for pancreatitis, since in this case Table 0 (complete lack of nutrition) is prescribed for a period of up to several days. In the form of monomers. The main nutritional organic compounds are administered parenterally by intravenous drip (amino acids, glucose). Also, if necessary, intensive treatment is prescribed using drugs of different pharmacological groups.
permitted products
Using the diet for pancreatitis involves taking allowed foods, the list of which is quite diverse and includes:
- The first course is a soup boiled in water with the addition of vegetables (carrots, potatoes, pumpkin, zucchini), cereals (semolina, rice, buckwheat), vermicelli, a small amount of butter.
- Meat - lean meat, which includes chicken, rabbit, veal, beef, skinless turkey. Before cooking, the meat is freed from the skin (poultry), tendons. It is recommended to boil or steam it.
- Vegetables - potatoes, cauliflower, zucchini, green peas, carrots, beets, pumpkin boiled, baked or steamed.
- Cereals - cereals from oats, buckwheat, semolina, rice, which are cooked on water or with a little milk. They can also be added to soufflés and puddings.
- Ripe, sweet fruits or berries that can be eaten fresh or baked.
- Dairy products - low-fat whole milk in limited quantities, subject to its general tolerance, yogurt, cottage cheese, cream.
- Sweets - mousses, jellies, jellies, marmalade, which are prepared using xylitol (a sweetener).
- Chicken eggs - limited, 2 pieces per day in the form of an omelet.
- Flour products - yesterday's bread, lean products made from wheat or rye flour.
- Fats - butter, vegetable oil.
- Drinks - green, weak black tea, fruit juices, compotes, rosehip broth.
prohibited products
Against the background of the implementation of dietary recommendations for pancreatitis, the use of the following foods is excluded:
- Soup, cabbage soup, borsch on meat, fish broth, beetroot, okroshka.
- Fatty meat (duck, goose, pork, lamb), fried from it, stewed dishes, smoked meats, sausages.
- Fatty, fried, stewed, salted fish, caviar, canned food.
- Any dairy product high in fat and sugar, including lactose (milk sugar).
- The use of legumes, barley, corn, pearl barley and crunchy cereals is limited.
- White cabbage, turnips, sorrel, sweet pepper, eggplant, radish, onion, garlic, spinach, mushrooms, radishes.
- Spices, spicy, fatty sauces, especially those cooked in meat broth.
- Coffee, cocoa, carbonated and cold drinks.
- Cream confectionery, chocolate, ice cream, sweets containing a significant amount of sugar.
- animal fat.
nutritional features
Proper use of a diet for pancreatitis includes many of the following recommendations and nutritional habits:
- The menu for acute pancreatitis or exacerbation of the chronic process includes a mandatory sparing diet. The amount of food is increasingly limited to temporary curative starvation (diet 0). As the severity of the inflammatory process decreases, the menu graduallySpread, but the food is served in crushed form.
- In chronic pancreatitis, a 5p diet is used without any additional regimens. This includes a normal temperature regime with the obligatory exception of very hot and very cold dishes.
- The acute course of the inflammatory process in the tissues of the pancreas requires hospitalization of a person in a medical hospital, where the doctor prescribes dietary recommendations. If there is a high probability of developing pancreatic necrosis in the first days, So under close medical supervision Diet 0 is prescribed.
- It is recommended to eat meals in small portions at least 5 times a day, which makes it possible to significantly reduce the load on the pancreas.
- The last meal is recommended to be taken no earlier than 2 hours before the intended sleep. In modern recommendations, the period between dinner and bedtime has been increased to 3-4 hours.
- In chronic pancreatitis, a diet is prescribed for a long period, which is necessary primarily to prevent the exacerbation of the inflammatory process in the tissues of the pancreas.
sample menu for the week
monday
- Breakfast - buckwheat porridge boiled in milk, bread and butter, weak black tea.
- Lunch - fresh pears.
- Lunch - soup with vegetables, boiled in water, noodle casserole with chicken meat, apple jelly.
- Snack - biscuit cookies, rosehip broth.
- Dinner - boiled fish without bones, mashed potatoes with a small amount of butter, green tea.
Tuesday
- Breakfast – Steamed Vegetable Vinaigrette, Cheese Sandwich, Green Tea.
- Lunch - cottage cheese casserole with cottage cheese.
- Lunch – Milk soup with rice, steamed chicken with stewed carrots, fruit compote.
- Afternoon snack – Lean cookies with freshly squeezed fruit juice.
- Dinner - pasta with cottage cheese, boiled in water, jelly.
Wednesday
- Breakfast - apple and carrot salad, chopped boiled cutlets, fruit juice.
- Lunch is a ripe pear.
- Lunch - vegetable soup boiled in milk, steamed boneless fish with rice porridge, fresh fruits.
- Snack - biscuit cookies, dry fruit compote.
- Dinner - rice porridge cooked in milk, cheese sandwich, apple compote.
Thursday
- Breakfast - semolina porridge, boiled in milk, with plums, weak black tea.
- Lunch - carrot puree with apple jam.
- Lunch - dried fruits, cottage cheese pudding, vegetable soup cooked on a decoction of baked apples.
- Snack - fruit jelly.
- Dinner - buckwheat porridge, boiled in water, with beef steam cutlets, still mineral water.
Friday
- Breakfast - cheesecake with carrots, black tea.
- Lunch - cottage cheese with low-fat sour cream.
- Lunch - soup with barley and carrots, boiled in water, cabbage rolls cooked with rice and boiled chicken meat, fruit jelly.
- Snack - sweet fresh apple.
- Dinner - potatoes boiled in water, boiled fish without bones, kefir, a slice of bread.
Saturday
- Breakfast - Cheesecake with fruit jam, green tea.
- Lunch is a fresh banana.
- Lunch - cooked in vegetable broth, casseroles made of vegetables and chicken, fruit compotes.
- Snack - dry biscuit, dry fruit compote.
- Dinner - pasta and boiled beef, casserole with kefir.
sunday
- Breakfast - soup with potato dumplings, boiled in milk, weak black tea.
- Lunch is a fresh sweet apple.
- Lunch - cabbage soup cooked in vegetable broth, boiled pasta with steam cutlets, compote.
- Snack - biscuit cookies, rosehip broth.
- Dinner - an omelet made from chicken eggs, lazy dumplings with cottage cheese, kefir.
doctor's opinion
Diet for pancreatitis is biologically healthy. By reducing the functional load on the pancreas, the risk of complications, including pancreatic necrosis, is significantly reduced, and the inflammatory process in the tissues of the organ is also accelerated. At the same time, the severity of edema is reducedincreases, improves the outflow of pancreatic juice and bile, which contributes to the normalization of the functional activity of all organs of the digestive system. Dietary recommendations are aimed at reducing acute inflammation during the period or chronic course of the disease. Against the background of is to reduce the functional load on the pancreas. In case of acute pancreatitis, due to the high risk of developing pancreatic necrosis in a medical hospital, diet 0, which is therapeutic starvation, may be prescribed.